Topic
Imaging Techniques
Acquisition protocols for every major study type, and the analysis techniques — tissue Doppler, strain — used within them.
8 pages in this topic
Techniques
Transthoracic Echocardiography: Acquisition Protocol
The standard acquisition checklist for a comprehensive adult TTE — 2D, M-mode, and Doppler images by window — plus limited/focused exam protocols.
TechniqueTransthoracic Echocardiography: Reporting
How to structure a standardized adult TTE report — required fields, measurement precision, the summary statement, and limited-study conventions.
TechniqueTissue Doppler Imaging
The physics behind E′, A′, and S′, the 15-degree angle threshold that keeps error under 4%, and the tethering limitation strain was built to overcome.
TechniqueStrain Imaging
Why longitudinal strain catches early disease first, the layer-specific gradient behind it, and the bull's-eye patterns that separate HCM, amyloid, Takotsubo.
TechniqueThree-Dimensional Echocardiography
How 3D echo acquisition and display modes work, common artifacts and how to avoid them, and the clinical indications where 3D adds real value over 2D.
TechniqueContrast Echocardiography
Right heart (agitated saline) vs. left heart (UEA) contrast echo: agents, technique, myocardial perfusion imaging, safety history, and indications.
TechniqueStress Echocardiography
Stressor physiology, protocols and dosing, the four-equation diagnostic framework, the ABCDE protocol, safety, and clinical applications of stress echo.
TechniqueTransesophageal Echocardiography (TEE): Views and Applications
The ASE/SCA 28-view comprehensive TEE protocol with correct transducer angles by level, patient preparation, safety, and clinical applications.